Abstract
Transit-oriented development (TOD) links residential, retail, commercial, and community service developments to frequent, accessible rail transit services to stimulate sustainable development in the form of decreased land use and transport integration. A mixed-use shopping mall can be developed as a TOD with moderate to high density with diverse land use patterns and well-connected street networks centred around and integrated with a rail transit station. Shopping mall developments are now considered as the retail, social, and community centres of their communities. Therefore, understanding their services’ mixed impact on nearby transit stations will provide further insight into the success of the TOD approach. As a result, this study aims to review and link the recent literature on attractiveness factors of shopping malls and the design factors of TOD and report the researchers’ analytic observations (themes) clarifying transit-oriented shopping mall developments’ (TOSMDs) attractiveness factors. The review systematically synthesises 208 guiding articles. It uses the elements of the extended service marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process) and the five factors related to TODs (density, diversity, urban design, destination accessibility, and distance) as an indicator system for the factors determining the attractiveness of TOSMD. The review outcome is utilised to establish a conceptual framework for the attractiveness of rail TOSMDs. The study revealed fragmented causes of attractiveness factors of rail TOSMDs. It contributes to further understanding of TOD as it cross-reviews retail and urban design literature findings. The resultant conceptual framework will also inform and potentially enhance the existing rail transit station passenger forecasting models and increase the economic sustainability of rail transit networks.
Highlights
The concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) is a relatively recent development design approach that links frequent and accessible rail transit services to residential, retail, commercial, and community services [1]
This study thematically analysed 208 guiding research articles to clarify the attractiveness factors of transit-oriented shopping mall developments (TOSMDs). It informed the creation of a conceptual framework to comprehensively explain the impact of rail TOSMD attractiveness on the demand of shopper passengers using a rail transit station near a TOSMD for potential optimal TOD effectiveness, patterns of mall development, transit urban planning, and transport policymaking
The study clarified it as a shopping mall (SM) near a rail transit station in a TOD context, where both shopping mall attractiveness factors and TOD design factors impact the number of shopper passengers using a nearby rail transit station
Summary
The concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) is a relatively recent development design approach that links frequent and accessible rail transit services to residential, retail, commercial, and community services [1]. The TOD approach potentially has significant implications concerning future patterns of development and land use planning in particular, and the understanding of the impact of associated developments such as shopping malls on supporting rail transport planning. This distance is considered an appropriate scale for pedestrians walking to and from the station [7,8,9,10]. Handy [11] postulated that TODs would serve as a ‘‘catalyst’’ for conserving land use and increase the density of nearby developments, including shopping malls
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