Abstract
The concept of cultural ecosystem services has been increasingly influential in both environmental research and policy decision making, such as for urban green spaces. However, its popular definitions tend to conflate “services” with “benefits”, making it challenging for planners to employ them directly to manage urban green spaces. Thus, attempts have been made to redefine cultural ecosystem services as the function of cultural activities in environmental spaces which result in people’s enjoyment of cultural ecosystem benefits. The operability of such a redefinition needs to be evaluated, which this study seeks to achieve with Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park in Singapore presenting itself as a prime case study research area. Transdisciplinary mixed methods of a public participation geographic information system, which leverages on spatial data from public park users, and social media text mining analysis via Google reviews were used. A wealth of cultural ecosystem services and benefits were reported in the park, especially the recreational and aesthetic services and experiential benefits. Policy and methodological implications for future research and urban park developments were considered. Overall, this paper would recommend the employment of the redefined cultural ecosystem services approach to generate relational, data-driven and actionable insights to better support future urban green space management.
Highlights
Humanities and Social Studies Education, National Institute of Education (NIE), Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
The online public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) surveys served as the primary method to uncover the spatial distribution and cultural values of Cultural ecosystem services (CES) alongside the enjoyment of cultural ecosystem benefits (CEB) in BAMKP
BAMKP was utilised as a case study research area where the redefined CES
Summary
The concept of cultural ecosystem services has been increasingly influential in both environmental research and policy decision making, such as for urban green spaces. 1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Cultural ecosystem services (CES) have been an increasingly influential concept with established literature in environmental research and policy decision making [1,2,3,4,5], especially in urban green space (UGS) research and planning [5,6]. CES have been widely used in its popular definition as “the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems” by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) [7] Such a definition has proven to be problematic for urban planners to directly incorporate CES into decision making due to the conflation of the distinct terms of “services” and “benefits” [6,8]
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