Towards a Better Understanding of Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen: Assessment and Improvement Strategies

Francesco Montemurro,Mariangela Diacono

doi:10.3390/agronomy6020031

Francesco Montemurro, Mariangela Diacono

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy6020031

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Journal: Agronomy	Publication Date: May 10, 2016
Citations: 32	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Polytechnic University of Bari, Cereal Research Centre

Abstract

Agronomic N-use efficiency is the basis for economic and environmental efficiency, and an effective agro-ecosystem management practice, improving nutrient use efficiency, is a crucial challenge for a more sustainable production of horticultural, industrial and cereal crops. However, discrepancy between theory and practice still exists, coming from large gaps in knowledge on net-N immobilization/mineralization rates in agro-ecosystems, as well as on the effects of indigenous and applied N to crop response. A more thorough understanding of these topics is essential to improve N management in agricultural systems. To this end, the present Special Issue collects research findings dealing with different aspects of agronomic efficiency of N in different agro-ecosystems, and environmental impact derived from fertilization management practices. In particular, the Special Issue contains selected papers, which concern a wide range of topics, including analyzing tools, options of management, calculation equation and modeling approaches.

Highlights

IntroductionAgricultural production would need to increase by 70% (on average) by 2050 to cope with the growth of the world’s population [1], which is forecasted to reach about 9.6 billion people [2]
Agricultural production would need to increase by 70% by 2050 to cope with the growth of the world’s population [1], which is forecasted to reach about 9.6 billion people [2].The required crop production increase would be derived from higher yields and enhanced cropping intensity, which, in turn, will raise the demand for agricultural input
This Special Issue collects current research findings dealing with different aspects of the understanding of agronomic efficiency of N in the agro-ecosystems and the environmental impact derived from the adoption of fertilization management practices

Summary

Introduction

Agricultural production would need to increase by 70% (on average) by 2050 to cope with the growth of the world’s population [1], which is forecasted to reach about 9.6 billion people [2]. The required crop production increase would be derived from higher yields and enhanced cropping intensity, which, in turn, will raise the demand for agricultural input In this scenario, it is crucial to point out the potential worsening of soil degradation, water resource pollution and atmospheric contamination. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of cropping systems is essential in order to reduce environmental risks, obtaining, at the same time, a productive agriculture. This result can be achieved by reaching a greater plant uptake efficiency from applied N inputs, and reducing the amount of N lost by soil organic and inorganic N pools. NUE by tailoring fertilization to the specific conditions of sites, optimizing crop performance

Special Issue Overview

Nitrogen Efficiency Assessment

Nitrogen Efficiency Improvement Strategies

Findings

Conclusions