Abstract
3D Cadastre models capture both the complex interrelations between physical objects and their corresponding legal rights, restrictions, and responsibilities. Most of the ongoing research on 3D Cadastre worldwide is focused on interrelations at the level of buildings and infrastructures. So far, the analysis of such interrelations in terms of indoor spaces, considering the time aspect, has not been explored yet. In The Netherlands, there are many examples of changes in the functionality of buildings over time. Tracking these changes is challenging, especially when the geometry of the spaces changes as well; for example, a change in functionality, from administrative to residential use of the space or a change in the geometry when merging two spaces in a building without modifying the functionality. To record the changes, a common practice is to use 2D plans for subdivisions and assign new rights, restrictions, and responsibilities to the changed spaces in a building. In the meantime, with the advances of 3D data collection techniques, the benefits of 3D models in various forms are increasingly being researched. This work explores the opportunities for using 3D point clouds to establish a platform for 3D Cadastre studies in indoor environments. We investigate the changes in time of the geometry of the building that can be automatically detected from point clouds, and how they can be linked with a Land Administration Model (LADM) and included in a 3D spatial database, to update the 3D indoor Cadastre. The results we have obtained are promising. The permanent changes (e.g., walls, rooms) are automatically distinguished from dynamic changes (e.g., human, furniture) and are linked to the space subdivisions.
Highlights
With the increasing complexity of the buildings in highly urban areas since the late 90s, 3D Cadastre has been a subject of interest. 3D Cadastre is beneficial for land registries, architects, surveyors, urban planners, engineers, real estate agencies, etc. [1]
We have shown that permanent changes in buildings can be found automatically using multi-epoch mobile laser data
Changes are detected as dynamic changes and permanent changes
Summary
With the increasing complexity of the buildings in highly urban areas since the late 90s, 3D Cadastre has been a subject of interest. 3D Cadastre is beneficial for land registries, architects, surveyors, urban planners, engineers, real estate agencies, etc. [1]. The authors introduce a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM) to support the integration of physical objects linked with the legal objects into a 3D Cadastre Another application of LADM is for using the access rights for indoor navigation purposes. The access rights of spatial units is defined in the LADM and could be connected to IndoorGML for customized navigation in the spatial units [33] Another model that builds on LADM for supporting the 3D spatial databases in terms of land administration was developed by Kalantari et al [34]. The problem of GM_MultiSurface is that it is not sufficient for 3D spatial analysis and representation [1] To compensate for this shortage in our workflow, enriched point clouds were used as an external database to store and represent the 3D objects. The remainder of this article explains the used methodology and the obtained results, followed by critical discussion and conclusions with a shared view on the way forward
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