Toward understanding nurses' decisions whether to miss care: A discrete choice experiment

Abstract

BackgroundStudies of missed nursing care suggest that it results from ward-level, patient-related, and task-type factors, while nurses' decision-making style was scarcely studied. Studying the effect of nurses' decision-preference structures, namely a pattern of joint ward and patient factors, on missed care may also contribute to understanding the phenomenon. ObjectivesTo examine the relationships between decision-preference structures and missed care and the moderating effects of decision-making styles and task type in these links. DesignA discrete choice experiment with a between- and within-participants design. ParticipantsA sample of 387 registered nurses working in acute medical surgical wards in Israel. MethodsBased on the protocol for discrete choice experiments, a survey was developed to assess the decision-preference structure, considering five factors: overload, presence of head nurse, clinical complexity, difficult patient, and presence of relatives. Participants were randomly assigned to four task-type conditions and completed a survey regarding their task. Decision-making style was assessed using a validated questionnaire. ResultsExtensive workload (b = −0.46; p = 0.001), difficult patient (b = −0.20; p = 0.001), and patient clinical complexity (b = −0.10; p = 0.006) were negatively linked to the probability of missed care. The interaction between workload and task type (b = 0.252; p = 0.017) indicated that the probability of missed care under extensive compared with regular workload was lowest for developing a discharge plan and highest for providing emotional support. The interaction of patient complexity and task type (b = 0.230; p = 0.013) indicated that the probability of missed care in developing a discharge plan and medication administration was lower for patients having high compared with low clinical complexity. The interaction between difficult patient and task type (b = −0.219; p = 0.044) indicated that the probability of missed care in emotional support, developing a discharge plan, and patient's mobility was lower for difficult than for non-difficult patients. Finally, the interaction between workload and decision-making style (b = −0.48; p = 0.001) indicated that the probability of missed care under heavy compared with regular workloads was lower for the dual-preference or the dominantly intuitive styles. ConclusionsThis design enabled examining the prioritizing processes nurses use when deciding about whether to miss care. The likelihood of missing more in structured tasks is lower under a heavy overload and when patients appear difficult or clinically complex. Dual-preference styles or dominantly intuitive styles are more suitable for the routine high workload.