Toward the Neural Mechanisms of Reduced Working Memory Capacity in Schizophrenia

Abstract

People with schizophrenia (PSZ) demonstrate reliable reductions in working memory (WM) capacity (i.e., the number of objects that can be held in memory). The present study asked whether WM impairments in PSZ can be explained by the same neural mechanisms that underlie individual differences in WM capacity among healthy individuals. Specifically, we examined event-related potentials in PSZ and healthy matched controls during a change detection task that required the storage of multiple objects in WM. The amplitude of contralateral delay activity (CDA), which correlates with WM capacity in healthy individuals, was larger in controls than in PSZ for memory loads of 3 and 5 objects, but larger in PSZ than in controls for a memory load of 1. This same pattern was found in the subgroups of PSZ and controls with an equivalent WM capacity. Moreover, the increase in CDA amplitude was correlated with individual differences in capacity in controls, but not in PSZ. These results demonstrate that WM impairment in PSZ is not associated with the same patterns of neural activity that characterize low WM capacity in healthy individuals. We propose that WM impairment in PSZ instead reflects a specific impairment in the ability to distribute attention broadly.