Toward the Establishment of a Single Standard Curve for Quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi Natural Populations Using a Synthetic Satellite Unit DNA Sequence

Abstract

Accurate diagnostics tools and surrogate markers of parasitological response to treatment are priority needs for management of Chagas disease. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is used for treatment monitoring, but variability in copy dosage and sequences of molecular target genes among different Trypanosoma cruzi strains limit the precision of quantitative measures. To improve qPCR quantification accuracy, we designed and evaluated a synthetic DNA molecule containing a Satellite DNA (satDNA) repeat unit as standard for quantification of T. cruzi loads in clinical samples, independently of the parasite strain. Probit regression analysis established for Dm28c (Tc I) and CL-Brener (Tc VI) stocks similar LOD95 values (0.903 (0.745-1.497) and 0.667 (CI 0.113-3.927) copy numbers/μL, respectively), when synthetic DNA was the standard for quantification, thus allowing direct comparison of loads in samples infected with different DTUs. This standard curve was evaluated in 205 samples from 38 acute oral and 19 chronic CD patients from different geographical areas infected with different genotypes, including samples obtained during treatment follow-up, and high agreement with parasitic load trends using standard curves based on DNA extracted from spiked blood with counted parasites was obtained. This qPCR-based quantification strategy will be a valuable tool in phase III clinical trials, to follow-up patients under treatment or at risk of reactivation and in experimental models using different parasite strains.