Abstract
With the booming development of electronic information technology, the problems caused by electromagnetic (EMs) waves have gradually become serious, and EM wave absorption materials are playing an essential role in daily life. Carbon nanostructures stand out for their unique structures and properties compared with the other absorption materials. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and other special carbon nanostructures have become especially significant as EM wave absorption materials in the high‐frequency range. Moreover, various nanocomposites based on carbon nanostructures and other lossy materials can be modified as high‐performance absorption materials. Here, the EM wave absorption theories of carbon nanostructures are introduced and recent advances of carbon nanostructures for high‐frequency EM wave absorption are summarized. Meanwhile, the shortcomings, challenges, and prospects of carbon nanostructures for high‐frequency EM wave absorption are presented. Carbon nanostructures are typical EM wave absorption materials being lightweight and having broadband properties. Carbon nanostructures and related nanocomposites represent the developing orientation of high‐performance EM wave absorption materials.
Highlights
Problems caused by electromagnetic (EMs) waves have gradually become wave absorption materials have attracted serious, and EM wave absorption materials are playing an essential role in daily life
It is important to solve the problems can be mainly divided into three categories: graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and other special carbon nanostructures
The special bowl-like carbon nanoparticles (BLCNs) and their EM wave absorption performance are shown in Figure 22.[162]. The maximum reflection loss (RL) and the effective bandwidth of the BLCNs are −45.3 dB and 4.2 GHz, respectively
Summary
When the EM wave enters into lossy material, the incident power generated from the EM wave can be divided into three parts: the reflected power, the absorbed power, and the transmitted power.[12]. The residual defects and groups in RGO can make better the impedance matching and introduce electronic dipole polarization relaxation.[18,19,20,21] CNTs can be considered as rolled up graphene sheets, which have great potentials to be excellent EM wave absorbents. The multiple internal reflections and scattering of the special carbon nanostructures are beneficial for the enhancement of the EM wave absorption performance.[22] Second, the plenteous defects originating from the functional groups are the major factors for the high dielectric loss.[13] Third, the combination of other magnetic and dielectric loss absorbents would generate interfacial polarization.[23]. A better impedance matching and an excellent EM wave absorption performance can be obtained by the combination of carbon nanostructures with other magnetic or dielectric loss materials. The effective absorption bandwidth of RL below −10 dB is 5.59 GHz and the maximum RL is −42.8 dB
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