Abstract
The natural characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enable its advanced applications in nanotechnology as a special tool that can be detected by high-resolution imaging with precise localization. Super-resolution (SR) microscopy enables the examination of nanoscale molecules beyond the diffraction limit. With the development of SR microscopy methods, DNA nanostructures can now be optically assessed. Using the specific binding of fluorophores with their target molecules, advanced single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has been expanded into different fields, allowing wide-range detection at the single-molecule level. This review discusses the recent progress in the SR imaging of DNA nano-objects using SMLM techniques, such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, binding-activated localization microscopy, and point accumulation for imaging nanoscale topography. Furthermore, we discuss their advantages and limitations, present applications, and future perspectives.
Highlights
One of the basic molecules in the central dogma of molecular biology is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is a fundamental instrument for biological inheritance and genetic information coding.DNA has a uniquely sequenced structure and molecular recognition properties, which enable its application as a tool and target in nanotechnology [1]
This review examines the sub-diffraction imaging of DNA molecular sensors based on stochastic
Numerous single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) methods have been developed to localize single molecules by overcoming diffraction limitations; methods play developed an important role in the determination biological
Summary
One of the basic molecules in the central dogma of molecular biology is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is a fundamental instrument for biological inheritance and genetic information coding. Direct STORM (dSTORM) has been developed using organic fluorophores that operate as reversible photoswitches in reducing and oxidizing buffering systems [16] Another form of stochastic switching microscopy, fluorescence PALM (fPALM), uses fluorescent proteins that stochastically switch, enabling single-molecule SR imaging. Applied toehold-mediated strand displacement nanotechnology to develop a plasmonic nanoclock based on functional nucleic acid, i.e., DNAzyme and RNA interactions, which enabled the rotation of a 10 helix DNA origami assembly (Figure 1f, g) [22]. Showed commercially they studied the properties of photo-switching and photo-blinking properties of DNA-intercalating [26]
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