Abstract
Craniofacial reconstructive surgery requires a bioactive bone implant capable to provide a gradual resorbability and to adjust to the kinetics of new bone formation during healing. Biomaterials made of calcium phosphate or bioactive glasses are currently available, mainly as bone defect fillers, but it is still required a versatile processing technique to fabricate composition-gradient bioceramics for application as controlled resorption implants. Here it is reported the application of rapid prototyping based on laser cladding to produce three-dimensional bioceramic implants comprising of a calcium phosphate inner core, with moderate in vitro degradation at physiological pH, surrounded by a bioactive glass outer layer of higher degradability. Each component of the implant is validated in terms of chemical and physical properties, and absence of toxicity. Pre–osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation assays reveal the adherence and growth of new bone cells on the material. This technique affords implants with gradual-resorbability for restoration of low-load-bearing bone.
Highlights
Craniofacial reconstructive surgery requires a bioactive bone implant capable to provide a gradual resorbability and to adjust to the kinetics of new bone formation during healing
The subsequent step in the process involves displacement of the deposited material away from the laser irradiated area and cooling at moderate rates. This step leads to the precipitation from the liquid phase of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP, Ca4(PO4)2O) and alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α -TCP, α -Ca3(PO4)2)
Complete dehydroxylation of the HA particles during processing of multilayered samples is demonstrated by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Summary
Rafael Comesaña[1], Fernando Lusquiños[1], Jesús del Val[1], Félix Quintero[1], Antonio Riveiro[1], Mohamed Boutinguiza[1], Julian R. Biomaterials made of calcium phosphate or bioactive glasses are currently available, mainly as bone defect fillers, but it is still required a versatile processing technique to fabricate composition-gradient bioceramics for application as controlled resorption implants. It is reported the application of rapid prototyping based on laser cladding to produce three-dimensional bioceramic implants comprising of a calcium phosphate inner core, with moderate in vitro degradation at physiological pH, surrounded by a bioactive glass outer layer of higher degradability. This technique provides a method to produce gradual resorbability implants for low load bearing bone restoration, with capabilities to integrate specific agents inducing antibacterial, angiogenic, or antiresorptive activity. Laser cladding has already been applied in its bi-dimensional version to produce calcium phosphate coatings[41,42,43,44,45,46] and bioactive glass coatings[47] on titanium alloys for biomedical applications
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