Abstract
Transition metal oxides display structural diversity crystallizing into a variety of framework, layer and tunnel structures. The electronic and structural properties of these can be fine-tuned due to their ability to reversibly accept metal cations and protons into their internal void spaces and electron-charge-transfer equivalents into their conduction bands. It is essential to prepare them in suitable form (powders, thin film or single crystal) with well-defined stoichiometry and morphological characteristics to be employed as ‘intelligent materials’. Traditional solid state reactions however lead to thermodynamically stable products with more compact structures (sometimes multiphasic) which are not suitable for different applications.
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