Abstract
Earthquakes, despite being a mostly natural phenomenon, may also be induced by a wide range of anthropogenic activities such as mining, fluid injection and extraction, hydraulic fracturing and geothermal reservoir processes. In recent years, the occurrence of induced and triggered seismicity and its potential impact on the built environment have heightened both public concern and regulatory scrutiny, motivating the need for an integrated risk management framework. Non-standard monitoring approaches provide valuable tools for mitigating the risk associated with earthquakes. These solutions include the use of advanced sensors and the implementation of performance-based rapid response systems for infrastructure, as well as monitoring the structural response of buildings and infrastructure in real time. Such technical solutions can be further used for validating damage forecasts determined by probabilistic approaches. The goal of this study is to establish a performance-driven monitoring system for induced seismicity. For this purpose, it is necessary to integrate analytical fragility curves in real time. These fragility curves can be derived by simplified vulnerability models that require input obtained from advanced exposure-monitoring techniques. Considering the case of induced seismicity, this also requires the expected damage to refer to non-structural components. Hence, the derived fragility curves are based on the non-structural damage criteria of typical residences. Therefore, a new approach is presented for defining analytical fragility curves of traditional or historic masonry structures, which can be found in large numbers near the geothermal platforms considered in this work.
Highlights
Earthquakes are mostly natural phenomena that threaten millions of people worldwide
A new approach is presented for defining analytical fragility curves of traditional or historic masonry structures, which can be found in large numbers near the geothermal platforms considered in this work
The applicability of the described simplified equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system (ESDOF) procedure is restricted to simple box-shape Unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) buildings with rectangular floor plans and flexible or rigid floor diaphragms and its use for seismic assessment of irregular URM buildings is not recommended
Summary
Earthquakes are mostly natural phenomena that threaten millions of people worldwide. they may be induced, or triggered, by a wide range of anthropogenic activities. Induced earthquakes, which are much more common, refer to events directly caused by the change in stress and strain in the Earth’s crust associated with industrial activity These events are usually characterized by small magnitudes, and are mostly associated with non-structural seismic damage (Filiatrault et al 2001) to buildings and infrastructure. A reasonable method to confront this risk is to apply the same tools as in the case of natural seismicity This approach allows readiness in taking action related to the performance of anthropogenic activities known to cause earthquakes. Regarding exposure models, coupling remote sensing and in situ images can be optimized over broad areas for the characterization of the built environment (Pittore and Wieland 2013) This approach is feasible through the so-called remote rapid visual scanning platform (RRVS) (Fig. 1). The proposed taxonomy has an international scope, and it is currently being used as a basis for the GEM global exposure and consequence database (Pagani et al 2014)
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