Abstract
Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals collected using a pulse oximeter are increasingly being used for screening and diagnosis purposes. Because of the non-invasive, cost-effective, and easy-to-use nature of the pulse oximeter, clinicians and biomedical engineers are investigating how PPG signals can help in the management of many medical conditions, especially for global health application. The study of PPG signal analysis is relatively new compared to research in electrocardiogram signals, for instance; however, we anticipate that in the near future blood pressure, cardiac output, and other clinical parameters will be measured from wearable devices that collect PPG signals, based on the signal’s vast potential. This article attempts to organize and standardize the names of PPG waveforms to ensure consistent terminologies, thereby helping the rapid developments in this research area, decreasing the disconnect within and among different disciplines, and increasing the number of features generated from PPG waveforms.
Highlights
Photoplethysmography (PPG) waves contain a wealth of cardiovascular circulatory information, and many studies have shown its effectiveness in measuring and evaluating heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output, arteriosclerosis, and vascular aging [1,2]
The four PPG waveforms mappedand on the velocity photoplethysmogram the acceleration photoplethysmogram (APG) signals
The four velocity photoplethysmogram (VPG) waveforms are mapped on the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and the (PPG) and photoplethysmogram the acceleration photoplethysmogram (APG)
Summary
Photoplethysmography (PPG) waves contain a wealth of cardiovascular circulatory information, and many studies have shown its effectiveness in measuring and evaluating heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output, arteriosclerosis, and vascular aging [1,2]. The second derivative was applied to the original PPG waveform to facilitate the interpretation and understanding of the original PPG waveform [4]. Ozawa did not provide names for the first derivative waveforms. The first and second derivatives of the PPG signal are studied, as they. The PPG waveform indicates blood movement in the body’s vessels, whereas the first derivative of the PPG represents the velocity of blood flow in the finger. Using the acronym VPG (velocity of PPG) to describe the first derivative of the PPG waveform is a fitting name choice. It is fitting to use the acronym APG (acceleration plethysmogram) to refer to the second derivative of the PPG signal, which provides the acceleration of blood flow in the fingers [7]. Note that the use of the acronym APG was recommended in [6]
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