Abstract
Reliable network connectivity is one of the major design issues in the context of wireless sensor networks. These networks have diverse communication patterns due to non-uniform sensing activities at various locations in the environment being monitored. In such scenarios, some nodes lying in high-traffic zones may consume more energy and eventually die out resulting in network partitioning. This gives rise to a situation in which alive nodes are trapped in a disconnected cluster, and they do not have enough radio range to communicate their data to the destination (i.e. a sink or a relay node connected to the main part of the network). This phenomenon may deprive a large number of alive nodes of sending their important time-critical data to the sink. In this article, we propose a virtual antenna–based cooperative beamforming approach for retrieving valuable data from these disconnected nodes. In the proposed approach, the sensor nodes in an isolated partition work together to form a directional beam. This directional beam significantly increases their overall communication range to reach out to a distant relay node which is connected to the main part of the network. The proposed approach of cooperative beamforming–based partition connectivity is more effective when a cluster with a favorably large number of nodes gets partitioned. Furthermore, a beamforming-based mechanism is proposed for a disconnected cluster to locate the nearest relay node which is still connected to the sink and to reconnect itself to the main part of the network via the most adjacent relay node for time-critical data transmission. The proposed mechanism is then evaluated through simulation results.
Highlights
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of small nodes, deployed in a target area, for various purposes such as monitoring environment, security surveillance, medical diagnoses, and so on
We propose a cooperative virtual smart antenna mechanism, in which the nodes present in disconnected cluster collaboratively form a directional beam toward any nearby alive node connected to the main part of the network
The proposed scheme is evaluated for received power enhancement to ensure network connectivity by partition healing using cooperative beamforming
Summary
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of small nodes, deployed in a target area, for various purposes such as monitoring environment, security surveillance, medical diagnoses, and so on. Due to the non-uniform distribution of communication traffic and sensing activities among different parts of the network, the energy of some nodes may deplete at a higher rate resulting in dead nodes Such a node may drain all its energy and become unable to process or send data.[7,8,9] The death of relaying nodes present on linking paths between a significant portion of the network and the sink would cause disconnection of that part from the rest of the network. To retrieve the collected data from the nodes present in the disconnected, isolated cluster, redeployment on the path linking these nodes with the rest of the network is usually proposed These nodes may lose their data until the redeployment is done, as it is a time-consuming activity.
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