Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising technology for energy harvesting due to high power conversion efficiencies up to 26%, easy manufacturing, and convenient deposition techniques, leading to added advantages over other contemporary competitors. In order to promote this technology toward commercialization though, stability issues need to be addressed. Lately, many researchers have explored several techniques to improve the stability of the environmentally-sensitive perovskite solar devices. Challenges posed by environmental factors like moisture, oxygen, temperature, and UV-light exposure, could be overcome by device encapsulation. This review focuses the attention on the different materials, methods, and requirements for suitable encapsulated perovskite solar cells. A depth analysis on the current stability tests is also included, since accurate and reliable testing conditions are needed in order to reduce mismatching involved in reporting the efficiencies of PSC.
Highlights
Snaith and co-workers studied the stability of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under UV radiation for the first time [15], demonstrating that perovskite solar cells with TiO2 as photoanode suffered from a rapid decay in photocurrent and power conversion efficiency after encapsulation in a nitrogen atmosphere
Towards the industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), encapsulation coatings should act as a barrier for the degradation factors affecting their long-term stability during real environmental working conditions
Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin films modules, but here the effectiveness of the glassPIB-glass encapsulation was investigated on planar glass/fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/TiO2 /FAPbI3 /PTAA/Au perovskite solar cells; comparing as well with the usual EVA and UV-cured epoxy materials
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Snaith and co-workers studied the stability of PSCs under UV radiation for the first time [15], demonstrating that perovskite solar cells with TiO2 as photoanode suffered from a rapid decay in photocurrent and power conversion efficiency after encapsulation in a nitrogen atmosphere. Pisoni and co-workers showed that MAPI (CH3 NH3 PbI3 ) had a very low thermal conductivity for both large single crystals and the polycrystalline form This meant that the light-deposited heat inside the perovskite itself could not spread out quickly, which caused mechanical stress and limited the lifetime of the photovoltaic devices [20]. The following section reviews the effective strategies to measure and prevent the thermal, chemical, and environmental stability of perovskitebased devices, which serves as useful guideline to future research to fabricate PSCs to meet commercial demands
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