Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of paper is to cluster policies of sustainable mobility in order to define an essential set of specific Transport Performance Indicators (TPI). TPIs are standardized measures suitable for analysis in order to appraise the feasibility of a transport policy or an infrastructural project. Data collection of TPIs is a crucial phase, but data detection and monitoring are not standardized at the city level. Thus, there is no a standard for data collection and storing, this aspect makes much difficult to compare different city contexts. This issue is critical and bounds the analysis of built scenarios. A standardized set of transport performance indicators becomes, hence, essential for monitoring the implemented policies.Methodology and resultsThe paper answers to some of these questions, providing a specific set of sustainable and transport performance indicators to evaluate effects of policy measures. Furthermore, it shows a comparative analysis of different European cities in terms of development, sustainability and infrastructures, by using transport performance indicators. A Normalized Transport Sustainability Index has been built using identified TPIs, in order to measure and hence to compare the whole sustainability of adopted policies in different urban areas. The same NTSI allows to appraise the expected results and thus to tune the policy measures.ConclusionWe can affirm that an high value of sustainability is associated, in general, to small-medium cities in term both population and urban area; nevertheless, for large cities, the adoption of policy measures, from a side, to control the urban sprawl, from the other side, to manage the urban transport demand with an adequate public transport development allows to achieve a more sustainable mobility.
Highlights
The aim of paper is to cluster policies of sustainable mobility in order to define an essential set of specific Transport Performance Indicators (TPI)
The scientific community shows hypothetical global scenarios that redesign a lifestyle of people heavily conditioned by effects of climate change, whether actions for CO2 emission reduction in atmosphere would be put in force ; such actions will have to become more drastic every time that delays on actions occur
The model estimates the transport demand, the modal split, the vehicle stock turnover, the emissions of air pollutants and the welfare level under different policy scenarios. Both projects are implemented to national and European context, and policy scenarios are related to European policies.These are very different from local policies where effects are bounded in the local area and can bring to an effective behavioral change in travel choices and life style habits through “push and pull” policy measures
Summary
There are difficulties, on a theoretical as well as on a practical level, related to the implementation of policy measures in the city context. The paper answers to some of these questions providing: a specific set of sustainable and transport performance indicators to evaluate effects of policy measures; and a comparative analysis of different European cities in terms of development, sustainability and infrastructures, by using transport performance indicators. The defined NTSI is, an objective measure of the urban transport sustainability, whereas proposed indexes are subjective measures dependent by weights provided by an experts sample Further this approach can be implemented by decision maker, when the importance of a policy respect to other is unknown, in a preliminary phase of design of sustainable policies, before of an approaches based on Multi Criteria Analysis aimed to test the effects of a set of policies or to choose the best policies [4].
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