Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a strategy of gene regulation that has opened up many opportunities for the treatment of cancers, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This strategy reduced the expression of many proteins involved in the resistance of these tumors to anticancer drugs, particularly to temozolomide (TMZ). A significant research effort has gone into RNAi delivery and target selection for clinical application of this new discovery in the treatment of GBMs. However, some limitations must be resolved to enhance the safety of RNAi-based therapeutics and to reduce their immune response. In this review, the mechanism of RNAi will be described. Moreover, the opportunities offered by RNAi strategy to reverse the phenotype of these tumor cells as well as prospects and challenges ahead in the RNAi-based therapy will be discussed.
Highlights
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a problem in many cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) – the most common type of primary brain tumor [1]
Concerning micro RNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), genes encoding miRNAs are transcribed into long primary transcripts that are cleaved by RNAse III Drosha to generate precursor miRNAs in the nucleus [8,9]
These results show that different targets are to be reached by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of GBMs
Summary
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a problem in many cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) – the most common type of primary brain tumor [1]. The prognosis of these tumors remains poor with a median survival of 14.6 months despite receiving many therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy [2]. Combining radiation therapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is currently the first-line therapy for GBMs. the efficiency of TMZ remains limited owing to inherent and acquired resistance of glial tumor cells. Different strategies of inhibiting the effect of these proteins involved in resistance to TMZ were tested.
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