TOURISM LEXIC IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL DISCOURSE

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the study of the main problems and features of discourse as an extremely complex and multifaceted phenomenon. First of all, we defined the concept of “discourse” from the point of view of its main criteria and aspects of study. Discourse itself is defined as a type of communicative activity, an interactive phenomenon, a flown of speech, which has various forms of manifestation, takes place within a specific communication channel, as a result of which a wide variety of speech genres are formed. We consider “tourist discourse” as a text that is a communicative component (subsystem) of speech in combination with non-speech — pragmatic, socio-cultural, psychological and other factors. The components of tourism discourse include the discourse of actual travelers about their travels and their activities (living, food, entertainment), tour guides about places of interest, as well as the discourse of traveler bloggers who describe their travels using mass media, social networks, and their own blogs. According to the form, tourist discourse is presented in monologue (messages, stories, announcements, basic information about hotels, menus, articles, reviews, etc.) and dialogic communication (tourists, bloggers, hotel employees, etc.). After analyzing various studies, two main types of tourist discourse can be distinguished: formal and informal tourist discourse. Formal discourse from the point of view of vocabulary is represented by literary (both neutral and terminological) lexical and phraseological units. Formal tourism discourse is usually characterized by the use of highly specialized and interdisciplinary terminology, inherent only in this field. Informal tourism discourse is represented by colloquial (both literary and non-literary) vocabulary and phraseology. This includes professionalism and jargon. As a separate component of the tourist discourse, we single out texts that have an interdiscursive status and occupy an intermediate position between two parts of the tourist discourse, formal and informal. To such texts we refer to tourism journalism, which is touristic only in terms of its subject and mainly has features inherent in newspaper and journalistic texts.