Abstract
What are the determinants of tourism when treated as exports in national accounts? Is tourism sensitive to value-added taxation, Internet access, oil, English, Christianity, and regional trade agre...
Highlights
Northern Europe has become a popular tourist destination (Helgadottir, Einarsdottir, Burns, Gunnarsdottir and Matthiasdottir, 2019), with growth achieving new records (OECD, 2019)
The question is how tourism is affected by value-added tax in tourism, the Internet availability, supply of oil with subsequent rise in oil prices impacting air flights, how common the use of English is within the country, distance between the departure and arrival places, and cultural difference between countries of departure and arrival, and the research accounts for how much of the population have Christian believers and if it affects tourism flow
Tourism is estimated by factors like value-added tax (VAT), an indirect tax applied in Europe (WTO Business Council, 1998) that is visible to tourists through listed prices, which has reached up to 25%
Summary
Northern Europe has become a popular tourist destination (Helgadottir, Einarsdottir, Burns, Gunnarsdottir and Matthiasdottir, 2019), with growth achieving new records (OECD, 2019). The focus of this article is on Iceland as a case of remote economies; there, tourism is classified as exports by national
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