Tourism ecological security evaluation based on dynamic super-efficiency network SBM from the perspective of all-for-one tourism

Abstract

Tourism has become an engine for economic growth, but its rapid expansion has also triggered global ecological issues. Tourism ecological security has become a crucial constraint on urban sustainable development. In this context, “all-for-one” tourism leverages its advantage in driving regional resource integration, promoting coordinated urban-rural development, and advancing the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the tourism ecological security of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from an “all-for-one” tourism perspective. It further dissects this framework into production and tourism ecological protection stages, evaluate the tourism ecological security level of this urban agglomeration from 2011 to 2020 through the dynamic super-efficiency network SBM (Slack-Based Measure) model, and explore the driving factors of the two stages by using geographical detectors. And the Dagum Gini coefficient is used to identify regional disparities. The results indicate that Chongqing has the highest tourism ecological security efficiency at 1.41, while Chengdu scores only 1.0, suggesting that Chengdu needs to prioritize ecological concerns compared to Chongqing. Furthermore, five cities have efficiency values below 1, highlighting the need for secondary cities to tap into their potential and strive for balanced development within the urban agglomeration. The paper proposes improvement frameworks tailored to each region's unique circumstances and offers relevant recommendations for governments, businesses, and the tourism industry, aiming to provide guidance for the sustainable development of urban ecology and tourism.