Abstract
This article proposes a model to measure tourism cluster impact on local development with a view to assessing tourism cluster interaction, competitiveness and sustainability impacts on the economy, society and the environment. The theoretical basis for this model is founded on cluster concept and typology adapting and integrating the systemic competitiveness and sustainability concepts within economic, social, cultural, environmental and political dimensions. The proposed model shows a holistic, multidisciplinary and multi-sector view of local development brought back through a systemic approach to the concepts of competitiveness, social equity and sustainability. Its results make possible strategic guidance to agents responsible for public sector tourism policies, as well as the strategies for competitiveness, competition, cooperation and sustainability in private companies and institutions.
Highlights
Over the last fifty years, tourism has been one of the activities with the highest potential for expansion in the world
We develop the concept that a tourism cluster is a group of companies and institutions bound up to a tourism product or group of products
The aim of the proposed model is to evaluate the impact of tourism on local development, all the while taking into account the conceptual cluster model adapted to the characteristics and diversities of the tourism sector
Summary
Over the last fifty years, tourism has been one of the activities with the highest potential for expansion in the world. Improved transport and communications systems that have reduced traveling time and costs, as well as the increasing number of business trips and social gains, such as paid holidays and long weekends, have accelerated the growth of tourism and the internationalization process. Owing to its potential for growth and due to the fact that it is a product that can only be consumed in loco, tourism takes on an important role as a strategy for local development. The development of tourism can bring many negative impacts to the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the local community, such as noise, water and visual pollution, invasion of protected areas, property speculation, increased violence, loss of local identity and culture, modification of consumer patterns etc
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