Tourism as a pathway to livelihood diversification: Evidence from biosphere reserves, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study aims at investigating the impact of tourism components on livelihood diversification outcomes or assets in Ethiopian biosphere reserves. A cross-sectional study was employed using descriptive and explanatory research design where a mixed research approach was used to collect data from a total of 305 multistage stratified random samples (rural and urban households). To meet the research objectives primary data sources (self-administered questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observations) and secondary data sources were used. The hierarchical regression model was employed using SPSS version 23. The effect of each tourism component had varied effects on each livelihood outcomes and it was in favor of tourism enterprises than rural household's stratum. Integrated and diversified livelihood approaches should be the focus of policymakers and researchers that shall involve communities in the development process to make tourism as a pathway for livelihood diversification. • Tourism dimensions were significant predictors of livelihood diversification outcomes though magnitude is not equal for all. • Tourism has been identified as a viable means to diversify livelihood of communities. • Sustainable Livelihood Diversification for Tourism is a catalyst for sustainable development. • Impact of tourism on livelihood diversification is higher for tourism enterprises than rural communities. • Developing integrated tourism development policy is vital to enhance tourism as a viable livelihood option.