Abstract
ABSTRACT This study applies a recently developed bootstrap multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between international tourism receipts and economic growth in 20 regions of China for the period from 1995 to 2018. The results support evidence for the growth hypothesis in regions, such as Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, and Shaanxi. A reverse relationship supports evidence of the conservation hypothesis for regions, such as Hunan and Inner Mongolia. In addition, a reciprocal causal relationship was found in Guangxi, Qinghai, Tibet, and Yunnan while the result of a neutrality hypothesis supported 9 of these 20 major regions (i.e., Chognqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shanxi, Sichuan, and Xinjiang).
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