Tourette Syndrome

Abstract

Tourette (too-RET) syndrome is a disorder that involves repetitive movements or unwanted sounds (tics) that can't be easily controlled1. For example, someone with Tourette's might blink or clear their throat over and over again. Some people may blurt out words they don't intend to say2. About 100,000 Americans have full-blown Tourette's syndrome, but more people have a milder form of the disease. It often starts in childhood, and more boys than girls get it2. The exact cause of Tourette syndrome is not known. It is a complex disorder likely caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) and environmental factors. Chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve impulses (neurotransmitters), including dopamine and serotonin, might play a role1. Tics can be simple or complex. A simple tic affects one or just a few parts of the body, like blinking the eyes or making a face. A complex one involves many parts of the body or saying words. Jumping and swearing are examples. Symptoms often get better as children grow up. For some people, they go away completely3. Although there is no cure for Tourette syndrome, treatments are available. Many people with Tourette syndrome donot need treatment when symptoms are not troublesome. Tics often lessen or become controlled after the teen years. People with Tourette syndrome often lead healthy, active lives. However, Tourette syndrome frequently involves behavioral and social challenges1.