Abstract
The relevant toughening mechanisms in two-phase titanium aluminides are reviewed in order to elucidate microstructure/fracture toughness relationships. Both intrinsic and extrinsic toughening mechanisms are present in Ti3Al- and TiAl-base alloys. The former affects the initiation toughness(i.e., KIC value) at the onset of crack extension, while the latter leads to crack growth toughness by instigating a resistance-curve behavior. Intrinsic toughening arises from matrix slip and ductile-phase blunting. In contrast, extrinsic toughening originates from crack deflection, ductile-phase bridging, shear ligament toughening, microcrack shielding, twin toughening, and the growing crack singularity. The influence of microstructure on toughening mechanisms in two-phase Ti3Al- and TiAl-base alloys is discussed, with particular emphasis on the need to control the microstructure in order to achieve the desired mechanical properties.
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