Abstract
BACK IN I993, U.S. GOVERNMENT regulations required petroleum refiners to lower the sulfur content of diesel fuel from 5,000 parts per million to 500 ppm to reduce harmful emissions. But then unanticipated problems turned up. In some cases, the lower sulfur fuel caused fuel pumps to fail and clogged the nozzles that spray fuel into the combustion chambers. The fear is that these problems could crop up again with a vengeance once regulations go into effect next year that lower sulfur content in diesel fuel to 15 ppm. The answer: chemical additives to restore in low-sulfur diesel the natural lubricity of high-sulfur diesel. In the early 1990s, investigators discovered that the hydrotreating process refiners use to remove sulfur also removes nitrogen and certain aromatics. These three components give diesel fuel natural lubricating qualities. Regulations that just went into effect earlier this year require diesel fuel marketers to test fuel and ...
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