Totally implantable venous access port systems and risk factors for complications: A one-year prospective study in a cancer centre

Abstract

Background Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Systems (TIVAPS) are widely used in oncology, but complications are frequent, sometimes necessitating device removal and consequently delays in chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate possible risk factors for morbidity. Methods A total of 815 consecutive cancer patients (median age: 56.2 years [0.8–85.2]; 522 female) were enrolled in this observational, single-centre study between May 2nd 2006 and April 30th 2007. TIVAPS implantation involved principally cephalic or external jugular vein access. Patients were followed up for one year unless the device was removed earlier. Results The overall morbidity rate was 16.1% (131/815). Complications necessitated device removal in 55 patients a mean of 3.7 months [0.2–12.0] after implantation. These comprised TIVAPS-related infection (19), port expulsion (14), catheter migration (6), venous thrombosis (5), mechanical problems (3), skin disorders (2), pain (2), drug extravasation (2) infection unrelated to TIVAPS (1) and inflammation (1). No patient died during the study. The factor most strongly predictive of complications was the interval between insertion and first use of the TIVAPS, ranging from 0 to 135 days (median: 8.0 days). The morbidity rate was 24.4% when this interval was 0–3 days, 17.1% when it was 4–7 days and 12.1% when it exceeded 7 days ( p < 0.01; Chi 2 test). The median interval was 6 days (0–53) and 8 days (0–135), respectively, in patients with and without complications ( p < 0.001). Conclusion To reduce complications, an interval of at least 8 days between placement of the TIVAPS and its first use may be advisable.