Total Thyroidectomy as Primary Definitive Treatment for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the results of total thyroidectomy (TT) for hyperthyroidism secondary to Graves' disease (GD) with TT for other benign thyroid diseases to determine if TT should be considered more often as first-line therapy for GD. Seven hundred eighty patients underwent TT for benign disease: 203 for GD, 56 for other hyperthyroidisms, and 521 for other benign diseases from March 1, 2003, to December 31, 2009. The perioperative results of these three groups were compared for demographics, blood loss, operative time, complications, and hospitalization. There were no significant differences among the three groups except the patients with GD were more likely to be younger (42 vs 56 vs 57 years; P < 0.001), have more blood loss (154 vs 99 vs 110 mL; P = 0.05), and were more likely to develop permanent hypoparathyroidism (1.0 vs 1.8 vs 0%; P = 0.03) when compared with other causes of hyperthyroidism and other benign thyroid diseases. Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury did not occur in the GD group (0 vs 0 vs 0.4% nerves at risk; P = 0.69) with transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurring in 1.7 versus 2.7 versus 3.1 per cent nerves at risk (P = 0.35). The lack of a euthyroid state preoperatively had no influence on surgical outcomes or complications. Eighty percent of the TTs for GD were done as same-day outpatient procedures. TT offers a safe, low-risk, and rapid cure for GD to justifiably be considered as a reasonable first-line therapy in selected patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism.