Abstract
The measurement of trace concentrations of radium in water by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) is addressed. X-ray fluorescence spectra and the calibration plot data were numerically simulated by the MCNP6.2 code using a 2482 Bq/g226Ra standard solution, with gallium added as an internal standard element. From the simulations, the lower limit of activity concentration measurable by this technique is 0.047 Bq/L. The results also show that the detection limit 2.56 × 10−11 g can be achieved in a molybdenum X-ray tube in TXRF geometry, provided the samples are previously evaporated to a dry residue. For drinking water, it requires a complete evaporation of 937 mL containing 1.0 Bq/L of 226Ra, which is the current upper limit of activity concentration recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline.
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