Abstract
The concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb, considered like toxic, was evaluated in fish tissues by means the total reflection X-Ray Fluorescence technique (TXRF). Grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella) samples were collected from six regions of the Tepuxtepec Dam which was used as a water reservoir and fish production for the local population. Fish tissues: gills, liver, kidney and muscle were analyzed in triplicate using a TXRF spectrometer “TX-2000 Ital Structures” with a Si(Li) detector and a resolution of 140 eV (FWHM) at Mn Kα and Mo tube (40 kV, 30 mA) with 17.4 KeV excitation energy. The mean concentration of metals in tissues decrease in the sequence: Kidney ≈ Gills > Liver > Muscle; the range of concentration for Zn was 26.68 - 816.67 mg/Kg followed by Cu: 1.18 - 35.81 mg/Kg, Cr: 1.10 - 9.30 mg/Kg, Ni: 0.40 - 3.80 mg/Kg, Pb: <0.02 - 1.92 mg/Kg and Hg: <0.03 - 1.97 mg/Kg. Chromium and mercury concentrations slightly exceed the limits for fish proposed by FAO/WHO and Mexican Legislation for human consumption in the edible parts of fish from each one of the regions of the Tepuxtepec Dam. The results show that metal accumulation in herbivorous carp tissues was higher in regions 1, 2 and 3 than the others, which could be due to the influence of Lerma River, one of the most polluted rivers of Mexico.
Highlights
Different kinds of contaminants from agricultural, domestic and industrial sources are increasingly being released into different water bodies and can modify their water quality so it is unsuitable for different purposes such as irrigation, aquaculture, recreation, human consumption, etc. [1]
It is important to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in commercial fishes in order to evaluate the possible risk of fish consumption
The accumulation of toxic metals varied among grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) tissues
Summary
Different kinds of contaminants from agricultural, domestic and industrial sources are increasingly being released into different water bodies and can modify their water quality so it is unsuitable for different purposes such as irrigation, aquaculture, recreation, human consumption, etc. [1]. The pollution of the aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has become a worldwide problem because they are persistent and can produce a range of toxic effects in aquatic organisms [2]. Fish is one of the most indicative factors in freshwater systems, for the estimation of trace metal pollution and risk potential of human consumption [4]. Heavy metals are taken up through different organs of the fish because of the affinity between them. In this process, many of these heavy metals are concentrating at different levels in different organs at the fish body [5]. It is important to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in commercial fishes in order to evaluate the possible risk of fish consumption
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