Abstract
Peanut sprout is one of the potential natural sources of bioactive substances. In this study, five different peanut cultivars were conducted to germination, the change in total phenolic compounds, resveratrol content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were investigated. The sprouts of five peanut cultivars (Fuhua, Silihong, Dabaisha, Xiaobaisha and Huayu) were extracted using 75% ethanol for 3 h and the crude extracts were collected. When the five peanut kernels were germinated at 25°C for 5 days, the total phenolic compounds increased significantly from range of 0.55 to 0.96 (μg Gallic acid/g) up to the range of 1.97 to 2.44 (μg Gallic acid/g) and the resveratrol contents showed similar trend, from range of 8.94 to 15.62 μg/g up to the range of 31.74 to 46.49 μg/g depending upon peanut cultivar. Among the five cultivars, Xiaobaisha showed the highest phenolic content [2.44 (μg Gallic acid/g)], expressed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging value [(84.86±4.02) mmol/L TE/g dry weight] and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power scavenging value [(92.98±3.71) mmol/L TE/g dry weight] on the fifth day. In the antimicrobial evaluation the five sprout extracts were highly effective in inhibitory zone assay followed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) analysis against five pathogen microbial. In comparison with other peanut cultivars, the inhibitory effects were strongest in Silihong, the average MIC and MBC values against 5 spoilage bacteria were 10.66 and 28.52 mg/mL, respectively. In summary, this work provides evidences that Xiaobaisha and Silihong might be applied as antioxidant and antibacterial agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
Under oxidative stress condition, free radicals that generated via metabolic process plays a key role in the onset of various pathophysiological disorders including cancer, proliferative diseases, diabetes mellitus and early aging (Manoharan et al, 2019)
The phenolic content increased to 2.20±0.04 μg gallic acid/g on the fifth day of germination
Accroding to the results of the total phenolic content and resveratrol content, the results suggested that most of the phenolic compounds and resveratrol determined in the five cultivars could be related to their antioxidant activity
Summary
Free radicals that generated via metabolic process plays a key role in the onset of various pathophysiological disorders including cancer, proliferative diseases, diabetes mellitus and early aging (Manoharan et al, 2019). Numerous synthetic drugs have been used to inhibit the interaction of free radicals and pathogenic microbes which could worsen the severity of a disease. As the synthetic drugs are non-specific and carries side effects, the demand for natural alternatives by consumers are increasing (Verraes et al, 2013; EFSA, 2017). Many studies are being carried out to look for natural alternative for antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Fabaceae family. In China, peanuts are common food and one of the most important oilseeds and the annual production of peanuts exceeds 14 million tons (Zhang, 2016).
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