Total phenolic content, phytochemical profile and cytotoxic effects of endemic Alyssum floribundum (Brassicaceae) from Turkey

Abstract

Alyssum genus has many ethnobotanical uses due to the bioactive compounds it contains (glucosinolates, hydrocarbons, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, etc.). The objective of this study was to assess the total phenolic content, potential bioactive components and cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts obtained from different parts (root, stem and leaf) of Alyssum floribundum. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method was utilized to measure the total phenolic content of all extracts. The total phenolic content of different parts A. floribundum were 12.6 ± 02, 8.2 ± 1.2 and 4.9 ± 0.8 mg GAE/g, respectively. The bioactive compounds of different parts A. floribundum were shown by employing gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and were identified to contain 30 different chemical components in all parts of the plant. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated using the xCELLigence method on the DU-145 prostate cancer cell line. The root, stem and leaf extracts of A. floribundum displayed the strongest cytotoxicity against the DU-145 prostate cancer cell act in a dose-dependent manner after 24 and 48 h with IC50 values of various concentrations after 24 and 48 h were calculated and determined as 192.1–157.4 µg/mL, 29.12–26.93 µg/mL and 226.4–80.23 µg/mL, respectively.