Abstract
The ozone concentration in the atmosphere has been recovering with the reduction in atmospheric ozone-depleting substances (ODS). However, ODS remain in the atmosphere for long periods, slowing recovery. Furthermore, greenhouse gas-induced climate change complicates ozone recovery. East Asia is a significant contributor to global climate change due to the increase in industrialization and the presence of complex climate conditions. We investigated ozone variations in East Asia using total column ozone data based on satellite and ground observations and compared the results and trends derived from a multi-linear regression (MLR) model. We found that the MLR model has relatively poor explanatory power for recent extraterrestrial and dynamical proxies, but the uncertainty can be reduced using monthly data and atmospheric proxies. The ozone trend in East Asia had the greatest increase in the vicinity of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria from 1997 to 2017 (~1% per decade). Similarly, the trend derived from Brewer spectrophotometer data was 1.02 ± 1.45% per decade in Pohang and 1.27 ± 0.85% per decade in Seoul. When the analysis period was extended to 2020, the impact of atmospheric variability was greater, suggesting that recent climate change can increasingly contribute to total ozone variability.
Highlights
Unexpected changes in CFC emissions have recently been reported in China; a thorough investigation is required into ozone changes in East Asia
merged ozone datasets (MOD) total ozone data as the dependent variable, with linear trends described by the independent linear trends (ILT)
The change in the total column ozone in East Asia has shown a greater range of fluctuation and greater uncertainty than other regions
Summary
Academic Editors: Lim-Seok Chang and Sophie Godin-Beekmann. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The importance of ozone in the atmosphere has been widely known to the public since the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in the mid-1980s. The ozone hole posed a direct threat to the survival of humans living on Earth, and the Montreal Protocol was quickly adopted in 1987 in response to this. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions were highly constrained, and global ozone concentrations reached a significant turning point
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