Abstract
Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little is still known about the resultant ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their synergistic effects cause an interest in the evaluation of the total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidative activity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in the periodontitis, as well as to relate these biomarkers to clinical indices of periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI), the intensity of redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis patients were included in the study and divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of the disease. In the non-stimulated/stimulated saliva as well as a gingival crevicular fluid of the study group, we found significantly higher OSI and total oxidant status (TOS) as well as lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, the ability to reduce iron ions (FRAP) was significantly lower only in stimulated and non-stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. The examined parameters correlated with the periodontium’s clinical condition, which indicates the exacerbation of the inflammatory process. However, TAC, TOS, OSI, and FRAP did not differentiate individual stages of periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an oral multifactorial disorder leading to progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment apparatus
Interventional and cohort studies indicate that periodontitis may be an independent risk factor for diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) and low birth weight in infants; whereas cross-sectional and case-control studies show periodontitis as a possible risk factor for metabolic syndrome, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases [1]
The indicators evaluated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/saliva could be useful in objectivizing the diagnosis and determining the severity of the disease, as well as in evaluating treatment results
Summary
Periodontitis is an oral multifactorial disorder leading to progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment apparatus. A new classification of periodontal diseases, developed in 2017 during the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions, underlines the association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases affecting the host immune response. This classification aims to identify individual patients in a targeted manner and to indicate those who require greater efforts to control periodontal disease. It hinders the extrapolation of previous research results to the periodontal diagnoses described nowadays [2,3].
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