Total Least Square Technique for Estimating the Vibration Parameters of the Apple from the Time Domain Impulse Response Signal

Abstract

This paper introduces the Hankel matrix based total least square (HTLS) technique to process the time domain acoustic impulse response signal for vibration parameters of the apple. It has a major advantage of being able to separate the modes in a coupled resonant peak which occurs for some apples. The HTLS technique can be used together with a mode identification technique, which is outside the scope of this paper, to determine the spherical resonant frequency. This may improve the reliability of nondestructive firmness determination of fruit based on acoustic response measurements.