Abstract
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Program, managed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) is currently developing low-cost SOFC and SOEC systems. This paper develops the governing Total Energy (TE) (kilowatt-hours per kilogram hydrogen) equation for the SOEC. The eight-component TE equation includes heat input, exergetic flows, enthalpy of vaporization, pressurization, heat loss, area specific resistance, etc. The eight-component TE equation developed, as it would happen, correlates well with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) proven SOEC performance of 45 kilowatt-hours per kilogram hydrogen at 20 bars and 725K. TE is the key performance equation necessary for designing, predicting, and planning for SOEC and SOFC performance and cost. Important ramifications of TE are discussed.
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