Total Energy-Based Control Design and Optimization for Lift-Plus-Cruise Aircraft

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for optimizing a Total Energy–based control system architecture for a lift-plus-cruise vertical takeoff and landing urban air mobility concept. The Total Energy Control System algorithm, which was originally developed for fixed-wing applications, is extended to also be applicable to hovering and transitioning flight. Control system parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm optimization scheme, subject to constraints on dynamic stability and control response characteristics. Control system optimization and flight simulations are performed using the Modular Aircraft Dynamics and Control Algorithm Simulation Platform. Results presented include simulations of the optimized flight control system operation for maneuvering scenarios representative of hover, transition, and forward flight conditions as well as during transitions between vertical and forward flight modes. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system architecture and the demonstrated optimization methodology.