Total elbow arthroplasty as primary treatment for distal humeral fractures in elderly patients

Abstract

Distal humeral fractures are difficult to treat. In the elderly population, the problems are compounded by osteoporosis and gross comminution. Open reduction and internal fixation for such fractures is sometimes difficult and may be associated with poor results. Total elbow arthroplasty has been suggested as a last-ditch effort to salvage functional use for such difficult fractures in the elderly. We followed seven patients (seven elbows) with a mean age of 81.7 years at the time of injury. Open reduction and internal fixation was considered a difficult option for these fractures. They were treated with a total elbow arthroplasty using the semi-constrained Coonrad–Morrey elbow replacement prosthesis. The duration of follow up at present is between 2 and 4 years. At the latest follow up the mean arc of flexion is 20–130°. Six patients have no pain while one complains of mild pain. All elbows are stable. The Mayo elbow performance score for five elbows is excellent and two scored good. All but one patient are satisfied with the result. One patient developed superficial wound infection which resolved after antibiotic therapy. One patient has developed post-operative triceps weakness. There have been no cases of deep infection, ulnar nerve neuritis or component failure. The rarity of this procedure suggests its very narrow spectrum of indication. We feel that the short-term results do suggest an important role for semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty in managing carefully selected comminuted distal humeral fractures in the elderly, especially those that cannot be treated by conventional open reduction and internal fixation.