Abstract
Although there is some evidence that total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) is inversely associated with the presence of obesity, no longitudinal studies have been performed investigating the effect of TDAC on comprehensive measures of body composition over time. In this study, we included 4595 middle-aged and elderly participants from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We estimated TDAC among these individuals by calculating a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) score based on data from food-frequency questionnaires. Body composition was assessed by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and every subsequent 3–5 years. From these data, we calculated fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR), body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI). We also assessed hand grip strength at two time points and prevalence of sarcopenia at one time point in a subset of participants. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models or multinomial logistic regression models with multivariable adjustment. We found that higher FRAP score was associated with higher FFMI (0.091 kg/m2 per standard deviation (SD) higher FRAP score, 95% CI 0.031; 0.150), lower AGR (−0.028, 95% CI −0.053; −0.003), higher BMI (0.115, 95% CI 0.020; 0.209) and lower BF% (−0.223, 95% CI −0.383; −0.064) across follow-up after multivariable adjustment. FRAP score was not associated with hand grip strength or sarcopenia. Additional adjustment for adherence to dietary guidelines and exclusion of individuals with comorbid disease at baseline did not change our results. In conclusion, dietary intake of antioxidants may positively affect the amount of lean mass and overall body composition among the middle-aged and elderly.
Highlights
Dietary intake of antioxidants, a group of compounds that are capable of mitigating oxidative stress, has been shown to lower the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer [1,2,3].Examples of such dietary antioxidants include vitamins C and E, polyphenols and carotenoids, and foods that are generally regarded as rich in antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, spices and herbs [4,5]
We aimed to investigate the relationship between total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) and longitudinal profiles of body composition derived by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as well as muscle strength and sarcopenia, in the context of a large population-based cohort study among middle-aged and elderly individuals
We found a positive association between Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) score and fat-free mass index (FFMI) during follow-up in model 1, for which the effect estimate hardly changed and remained statistically significant after adjustment for covariates
Summary
A group of compounds that are capable of mitigating oxidative stress, has been shown to lower the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer [1,2,3].Examples of such dietary antioxidants include vitamins C and E, polyphenols and carotenoids, and foods that are generally regarded as rich in antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, spices and herbs [4,5]. A group of compounds that are capable of mitigating oxidative stress, has been shown to lower the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer [1,2,3]. DXA provides information about total body fat mass and fat-free mass, and about fat distribution (i.e., android or gynoid type fat distribution) within a given individual. Investigating these detailed measures of body composition as opposed to more simple measures such as body mass index (BMI) is of importance because fat mass and fat-free mass differentially affect risk of several different health outcomes [12]. Such losses in muscle mass are associated with reduced functional outcomes over time [14]
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