Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the biomass yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of clove basil in response to doses of broiler litter (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1) added in presence of triple superphosphate (200 kg ha-1) or without it. Before the first harvest, the height of the plants increased significantly (34.42 cm) when 15 tonnes ha-1 broiler litter were added to the soil. However, after resprouting, the plant heights ranged only as a function of the vegetative cycle, with maximum height (76.0 cm) observed at 60 days. Phosphate fertilization also significantly influenced the leaf area (1.771 cm2 plant-1) during the first harvest. The fresh weight of leaves increased linearly in response to the addition of broiler litter (20 ton ha-1) with maximum yields of 1,709 and 7,140 kg ha-1 during the first harvest and regrowth, respectively. On average, the oil content of the leaves was 0.7%, with maximum performance (3.8 L ha-1) when 20 tonnes ha-1 of broiler litter were added on the soil. Eugenol was found to be the major compound of the essential oil (71.65%).
Highlights
Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), popularly known as clove-basil, is a perennial species original from Africa and widely cultivated in Brazil
The use of broiler litter is recommended for fertilization since it improves physical and biological properties of the soil and corrects possible deficiencies of macro and micronutrients (Leite et al, 2005)
Contents of essential oil from the leaves of clove-basil did not vary in response to the treatments, with average 0.70% (C.V. 17.13%). This feature is poorly responsive to the use of manures and, its recognized advantages to vegetative development, very few studies show relations between pH or micro-organisms on the soil and secondary metabolism of plants (Evans, 1996). This result is similar to those observed by Chaves et al (2002) and Biasi et al (2009), who evaluated the effects of crescent doses of organic fertilization on Ocimum gratissimum and could not observe any difference on the essential oil contents
Summary
Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), popularly known as clove-basil, is a perennial species original from Africa and widely cultivated in Brazil. Studies on the pharmacological properties of the essential oil reported its activity against several high pathogenicity microorganisms, as Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, bacteria that cause diarrhea (Adebolu & Oladimeji, 2005). It showed larvicide action against Aedes aegypti major vector of dengue fever, and repellent action against Simulium damnosum - the causative agent of Onchocerca volvulus in Nigeria (Cavalcanti et al, 2004; Usip et al, 2006). This experiment aimed to evaluate the biomass yield and the chemical composition of essential oil from clove-basil in response to the use of different doses of broiler litter in absence and addition of phosphorus
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