Abstract
Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllostachys aureosulcata (PA), P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. iridescens (PI), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. violascens (PVI), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), collected on four harvest dates. Both TP and AC were determined following three processing methods, fresh, boiled and pickled in shoots of PF. Comparative study of TP and AC in the above Phyllostachys species shoots has not been reported before. The highest TP (1,227.6 μg GA/ml) and AC (154.0 μg AA/ml) values were measured in fresh shoots and the lowest in pickled ones. The highest values of TP were measured in the case of PA (1,321.95 μg GA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PF, PVI, PI, PAA, PB, PAS, PNN, PNH, PM, PH, PSS and PVA. The highest AC values were obtained in the case of PI (184.24 μg AA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PA, PF, PSS, PNN, PNH, PVG, PB, PAA, PAS, PV, PVA, PM and PH. The highest TP values were measured in taxa harvested on the first collection date and the values consequently decreased in taxa collected at later harvest dates. Our findings suggest that the earlier harvest date, through the influence of lower temperatures, could enhance the phytochemical content of bamboo shoots.
Highlights
Phyllostachys species are temperate bamboos of Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Shibataeinae, predominantly native of subtropical to warm temperate areas of China and have long been introduced to Korea (Ohrnberger, 2002)
The following 14 Phyllostachys taxa were collected: on 22nd of April: P. aureosulcata (PA), P. flexuosa (PF), P. iridescens (PI), P. violascens (PVI), on 29th of April: P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), on the 13th of May: P. humilis (PH), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), and on the 27th of May: P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), plants growing in the Botanical Garden of Szent István University, Gödöllő (47°35’38” N latitude, 19°22’09’’ E longitude and 242 m altitude)
The same was true for pickled Agaricus bisporous compared to the fresh product (Ganguli et al, 2007)
Summary
Phyllostachys species are temperate bamboos of Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Shibataeinae, predominantly native of subtropical to warm temperate areas of China and have long been introduced to Korea (Ohrnberger, 2002). Phyllostachys species are of great agricultural importance in the Far East, primarily in forestry, as the culms are used in wood industry (Kleinhenz and Midmore, 2001) and harvested when developing young shoots for fresh market or processed vegetables (Chongtham et al, 2011; Choudry et al, 2012). Because of their aesthetic qualities, they are planted in gardens and parks as ornamentals (Ohrnberger, 2002).
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