Abstract
A 12-week feeding study was carried out to establish the effect of partial or total substitution of fish oil by plant oil in experimental fed diets in crayfish juveniles (Procambarus llamasi). Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (15.1 kJ/g) practical diets were formulated with 100% fish oil (FO), 100% plant oil (PO), and 50% FO-50% PO. The crayfish were raised on plastic tanks without water exchange, constant aeration, PVC shelters, with an average water temperature of 26 ± 1°C. Uneaten food and fecal residues were siphoned out from the tank bottom each morning. Crayfish total body weight (BW) and total length (TL) was measured every two weeks. Results showed that the use of plant oil did not significantly modified (p>0.05) growth performance, survival or maturity of experimental organisms. All diets were offered to apparent satiation twice a day. Fed was consumed showing good results in all performance growth parameters and maturity index. In conclusion the present study clearly supported the possibility of total or partial substitution of fish oil by plant oil for crayfish. Despite the absence of fish oil as attractant in the diet with 100% PO, its acceptance was as good as the one containing it. P. llamasi demonstrated the feasibility of using a vegetable oil as lipidic energy source, which allows lowering costs in the use of fish oil about 66%.
Highlights
Fish oil is becoming more expensive and less available fatty acids in commercial foods [1,2]
Some studies settled down fatty acid composition in some species like Orconectes rusticus [9], Procambarus clarkii [10] in which it is demonstrated that plantitic acid is found in the hepatopancreas
If we consider that in vertebrates the saturated fatty acids are closely related with the formation of cholesterol [13], and other lipids [14], we suppose that its inclusion in the diet will improve or may equal the indexes of acting of the crayfish fed with fish oil
Summary
Fish oil is becoming more expensive and less available fatty acids in commercial foods [1,2]. The use of plant oil and their inclusion in different percentages in experimental diets is an important matter due the following reasons This oil occupies the second place in world production and it is predicted that its future production will exceed that of soya oil in the 10 years [7]. Their cost is up to 70% cheaper that fish oil, and third, their content of plantitic acid is highest in contrast with other available commercial vegetable oils (32-38%) [1]. If we consider that in vertebrates the saturated fatty acids are closely related with the formation of cholesterol [13], and other lipids [14], we suppose that its inclusion in the diet will improve or may equal the indexes of acting of the crayfish fed with fish oil
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