Total and differential leukocyte count and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin changes in healthy smokers and non-smokers

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory markers are altered in smokers and smoking has been proved as one of the main causative factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and oxidative stress stimulation. An alteration in hematological parameters and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is expected with smoking tobacco. Aim and Objective: This study has been planned with the aim to evaluate the changes associated with the extent of adverse effects of tobacco smoking in total and differential leukocyte count (DLC) and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in healthy smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 healthy adults were participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, and body mass index were taken, and information of smoking habits were obtained by a questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for the estimation of total and DLC using MS-9 automated hematology cell counter. Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was done using fingertip pulse oximeter Nidek Medical 5300. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant rise in the total leukocyte count (TLC) (P < 0.001), lymphocyte count (P < 0.001), granulocyte count (P < 0.01), and monocyte count (P < 0.02) and showed a statistically significant decrease in SpO2 (P < 0.04) in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: The study has shown that altered values of TLC and DLC and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in smokers should be considered during diagnosis, interpretation of result, and treatment of patients. A high TLC and DLCs exhibited in this research may be responsible for chronic inflammation and subsequent high risk of CVD in smokers. Therefore, quitting smoking should be encouraged for better health.