Tortícolis no distónico. A propósito de un caso secundario a un absceso retrofaríngeo

Abstract

There are many causes of acquired non-dystonic torticollis: cervical bony anomalies, nasopharyngeal infections, tumours of the spinal cord, and posterior fossa, ocular, vestibular and gastrointestinal disorders. In children, non-dystonic is commoner than dystonic torticollis, except for in adverse reactions to drugs. Palatopharyngeal lesions due to a rigid object being impacted in the mouth (pencil-injury) are common in childhood. Many are not dangerous and require no specific treatment, although there is a risk of perforation of the pharyngeal wall and of a retropharyngeal abscess. We report the case of a 9 year old boy who was seen in the Emergency Department complaining of fever present for four days and progressive cervical rigidity for the past two days which did not improve with myorelaxant drugs. A lateral X-ray of the spine showed prevertebral air and on the oesophagogram a fistula tract was seen. On further questioning the boy admitted that a stick he had had in his mouth had caused damage the day before his fever started. CT showed the extent of the abscess. After a week of treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids the clinical features disappeared, and on CT after two weeks it was seen that the abscess had resolved. We suggest that a lateral radiograph of the neck should be done in cases of acquired torticollis, even though there is no suspicious clinical history. Early diagnosis and treatment of retropharyngeal abscesses is essential to prevent extension to adjacent structures, and atlanto-axoid subluxation secondary to the oedema and tension of the ligaments caused by the abscess (Grisel's syndrome).