Torqued and conventional cantilever for uprighting mesially impacted molars: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the torqued cantilever (TC) and conventional tip-back cantilever (CC) made of stainless steel (SS) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) on the uprighting of mesially impacted mandibular molars using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The 3-dimensional mandibular model included part of the mandible with mesially tipped and impacted mandibular second molar, periodontal ligament (PDL), molar tube, mini-implant, and cantilevers. Four finite element method models (TC-SS, TC-TMA, CC-SS, and CC-TMA) were created to simulate different skeletally anchored uprighting mechanics. CC mechanics involved a known 0.019 × 0.025-in helical cantilever acting on a buccal molar tube. TC mechanics included a 0.019 × 0.025-in cantilever capable of producing mesial root torque by acting on a tube positioned on the molar disto-occlusal surface with the slot in a buccolingual direction. Three-dimensional molar displacement and stress distribution on the molar PDL were recorded. The SS cantilever produced almost twice as much molar displacement as the TMA. TC mechanics showed more evident mesial displacement of the molar root apexes. CC mechanics had greater molar rotation. TC uprighting moment produced greater molar mesial extrusion and greater intrusion of the distal root apex. The dual deflection system of the TC mechanics induced the lowest stress on the PDL, regardless of the metallic alloy. TC delivered a more efficient uprighting moment to the molar with less unwanted tooth movement and stress on the PDL and a more accessible site for bonding the molar tube.