Abstract
The anxiety of driving range and inconvenience of battery recharging has placed high requirements on the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. To reduce driving-wheel slip energy consumption while cornering, a torque vectoring control strategy for a rear-wheel independent-drive (RWID) electric vehicle is proposed. First, the longitudinal linear stiffness of each driving wheel is estimated by using the approach of recursive least squares. Then, an initial differential torque is calculated for reducing their overall tire slippage energy dissipation. However, before the differential torque is applied to the two side of driving wheels, an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) is introduced into the overall control strategy to avoid entering into the tire adhesion saturation region resulting in excessive slip. Finally, the simulations of typical manoeuvring conditions are performed to verify the veracity of the estimated tire longitudinal linear stiffness and effectiveness of the torque vectoring control strategy. As a result, the proposed torque vectoring control leads to the largest reduction of around 17% slip power consumption for the situations carried out above.
Highlights
Based on the analysis above, this paper proposes the torque vectoring control of a rear-wheel independent-drive electric vehicle while cornering to decrease the slip ratio and minimize the tire slip energy consumption with the precondition of stable and safe driving
For an rear-wheel independent-drive (RWID) electric vehicle, how torque vectoring control affects tire slip ratio and slip energy is of great importance to determine the differential torque between the driving wheels at each moment while turning
Based on the analysis about the mechanism of torque vectoring and the longitudinal linear stiffness estimated by recursive least squares (RLS), the differential torque should be determined to minimize slip energy consumption to decrease the driving axle slip ratio as well
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Pennycott A took the motor efficiency into account, and studied the torque vectoring ratio of each driving wheel to minimize the energy consumption of the vehicle [6]. Suzuki Y and Wang Y calculated the slip ratio by real-time tire stiffness and the tire driving force observed [11,12], and established a function of the sum of the slip ratio square of all driving wheels to distribute the torque [13]. Wang J proposed a driving energy management strategy for four-wheel independent-drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) based on multi-objective online optimization of four-wheel torque distribution [14]. Based on the analysis above, this paper proposes the torque vectoring control of a rear-wheel independent-drive electric vehicle while cornering to decrease the slip ratio and minimize the tire slip energy consumption with the precondition of stable and safe driving. Simulations for the proposed torque vectoring control are carried out to verify its validity
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