Abstract
The toroidal as well as magnetic spectral responses at optical frequencies by integrating four gold U-shaped split-ring resonators (SRRs) are numerically studied. We study two kinds of toroidal structures; the first one is consisted of four-up U-shaped SRRs. The second kind, two of the four U-shaped SRRs is reversed showing two-up-two-down configuration. By reversing two SRRs of toroidal structure, their toroidal resonance and magnetic resonance are also reversed between higher and lower ones. The optical properties of toroidal resonance are also investigated in this paper.
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