Toprak İşlemesiz Koşullar Altında Agrochernozyemlerin Temel Fiziksel Özelliklerindeki Değişimler

Ruslan Suleymanov,Evgeny Abakumov,Jakub Kostecki̇,Azamat Suleymanov,Sergey Zaykin

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.754479

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the leading branches of the economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). Long-term agricultural use of land with the use of plowing led to a decrease in the thickness of humus-accumulation horizon of soils, reduction of organic matter and nutrients. There is also deterioration of water-physical properties, development of water and wind erosion, and decrease in yield. Recently, the use of soil-saving farming systems has started, including the use of No-Till soil tillage system. The paper presents the results of assessment of physical properties of agrochernozems in conditions of No-Till use. Such physical properties as bulk density, humidity, temperature, structural and aggregate composition were studied using methods and instruments adopted in soil science. It is shown that in the top layer of soil (0-20 cm) is the accumulation of soil moisture, but the capillary and total water capacity is lower than that in nature soil. At the same time, in cultivated soils faced to the No-Till system the values of bulk density were increased as well as ranges of resistance to penetration. This fact, porbalby was caused the impact of activity of heavy agricultural machinery. The declining of soil density can be reached by cultivation of sideral cultures and perennial grasses.

Highlights

Nowadays about 25% of the Earth's land surface and 40% of agricultural land are faced to intensive degradation
One of the most important land degradation processes in the world is soil erosion, which is considered a major threat to food security and human health
The researches to study a physical properties of soils were conducted in the first decade of September 2019 in the territory of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) Krasnaya Bashkiriya, which is located in the Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan within the plain TransUrals (Fig 1)

Summary

Introduction

Nowadays about 25% of the Earth's land surface and 40% of agricultural land are faced to intensive degradation. The environmental impacts of land degradation are extensive and include irreversible losses of soil, deteriorating water quality, reducing biodiversity, and deterioration of numerous ecosystem services. One of the most important land degradation processes in the world is soil erosion, which is considered a major threat to food security and human health. This will lead to a complete loss of the surface layer and, land fertility (Govers et al, 2014; Luetzenburg et al, 2020). The political conditions and socioeconomic level of development in the region play an important role, which determines the structure and culture of land use, the size of cultivated fields, the choice of crops, the norms and quality of fertilizers used (Zambon et al, 2017; Bajocco et al, 2018; Baude et al, 2019; Vávra et al, 2019; Smetanová et al, 2019)

Objectives

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Results