Abstract
Abstract The aim of the present paper is to analyse the trilingual Transylvanian toponyms (German, Hungarian an d Romanian) from the Terra ante Silvanum (The Realm Beneath the Forest) and to reconstruct and explain them. When the Saxons arrived in Transylvania, in the 12th Century, they met Szekler, Hungarian and Romanian ethnic groups. The Realm Beneath the Forest represents, from a historical point of view, the Western border of the Transylvanian territory inhabited by the Saxons, which was not a compact area and which was divided into three districts (Sibiu, Brașov, and Bistrița) and two ‘seats’ (Mediaș and Șeica). The Realm Beneath the Forest included three ‘seats’ (Lat. sedes, judicial and administrative forums): Orăștie, Sebeș and Miercurea Sibiului. All the areas of the Realm Beneath the Forest, both those inhabited by German and/or Hungarian and Romanian populations and those inhabited only by Romanian people, have corresponding toponyms in all three languages. The toponyms Orăștie, Romos, Aurel Vlaicu, Pianul de Jos, Petrești, Sebeș, Câlnic, Reciu, Gârbova, Dobârca, Miercurea Sibiului, Apoldu de Sus, Amnaș that are analysed in the paper can be classified according to the following criteria: according to their founder, to the river that flows through the area, to the local toponyms, to their origin and their way of formation. A series of toponyms contributed to the apparition of some autochthonous family names such as Broser, Hamlescher, Kellinger, Mühlbächer, Polder, Rätscher, Urbiger.
Highlights
All the areas of the Realm Beneath the Forest, both those inhabited by German and/or Hungarian and Romanian populations and those inhabited only by Romanian people, have corresponding toponyms in all three languages
When the Saxons arrived in Transylvania, in the 12th Century, they met Szekler, Hungarian and Romanian ethnic groups
The Realm Beneath the Forest represents, from a historical point of view, the Western border of the Transyl vanian territory inhabited by the Saxons, which was not a compact area and which was divided into three districts (Sibiu, Brașov, and Bistrița) and two ‘seats’ (Mediaș and Șeica)
Summary
Jh. eroberten die ungarischen Könige Teile von Transsylvanien, dem „Land jenseits der Wälder“ und siedelten, zur Sicherung ihrer Grenzen, Szekler an. Zu den ersten Gebieten, in denen sich die Siebenbürger Sachsen niedegelassen hatten, gehört der Unterwald, eine histo rische Landschaft Südwest-Siebenbürgens, die die Orte Rumes, Broos und Terra Sebus, in der Miereschebene umfasste. Historisch betrachtet, die Westgrenze Siebenbürgens und den westlichen Teil des Königsbodens. Der Sachsenboden oder Königsboden war keine zusammenhängende Fläche, sondern über Süd- und Nordsiebenbürgen verteilt, er unterstand direkt dem ungarischen König und war von Siebenbürger Sachsen und Rumänen besiedelt.. Dabei waren die Stühle und Distrikte, mittelalterliche Gerichts- und Verwaltungsforen bzw. Die drei Stühle Broos, Mühlbach und Reußmarkt bildeten das Gebiet des Unterwaldes. Terra ante Silvanum, das „Land unter dem Wald“, verweist auf die geografische Lage des Gebietes am Fuße der bewaldeten Karpatenhänge und zwar der Șureanu- und Cindrel-Gebirge
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