Abstract
Telecommunications among unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged recently due to rapid improvements in wireless technology, low-cost equipment, advancement in networking communication techniques, and demand from various industries that seek to leverage aerial data to improve their business and operations. As such, UAVs have started to become extremely prevalent for a variety of civilian, commercial, and military uses over the past few years. UAVs form a flying ad hoc network (FANET) as they communicate and collaborate wirelessly. FANETs may be utilized to quickly complete complex operations. FANETs are frequently deployed in three dimensions, with a mobility model determined by the work they are to do, and hence differ between vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of features and attributes. Furthermore, different flight constraints and the high dynamic topology of FANETs make the design of routing protocols difficult. This paper presents a comprehensive review covering the UAV network, the several communication links, the routing protocols, the mobility models, the important research issues, and simulation software dedicated to FANETs. A topology-based routing protocol specialized to FANETs is discussed in-depth, with detailed categorization, descriptions, and qualitatively compared analyses. In addition, the paper demonstrates open research topics and future challenge issues that need to be resolved by the researchers, before UAVs communications are expected to become a reality and practical in the industry.
Highlights
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of the rapid deployment of technology solutions such as low-cost Wi-Fi radio communication, GPS, sensors, and integrated devices
flying ad hoc network (FANET) are uniquely different from mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), several of the MANET routing protocols are tailored to their specific characteristics
Several routing protocols for FANETs have been developed in several studies over the past few years
Summary
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of the rapid deployment of technology solutions such as low-cost Wi-Fi radio communication, GPS, sensors, and integrated devices They are widely used in academic research, civilian domains, and military applications [1]. The latest state-ofthe-art developments in relation to the primary features, limitations, routing method, and application scenario for the routing protocols are covered To pursue these objectives, an attempt was made to integrate many thoroughly examined and thought-provoking solutions of FANETs routing techniques to achieve precise and concrete deduction for interested researchers. 3. The reviewed topology-based routing protocols are compared qualitatively on the main features, routing mechanism, limitations, mobility models, simulation tools, performance parameters, and application scenarios. The most critical research challenges and issues in developing a topology-based routing technique for FANETs are updated based on this field’s current active research progress
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